Materials you will need: · Assortment of different kinds of balls (we used a tennis ball, foam yellow softball, and a big red marble ball) · Ramp · Note cards · Tape · Camera · Loggerpro · An object to put the ramp on
Goal:
Compare the differences in friction a ball exerts when sliding opposed to rolling
Procedure:
To find out the difference in friction between the rolling and sliding three different kinds of balls start by taking data for rolling and sliding the balls down a ramp. Set the ramp up on a table (we used a .96 meter high and a 2 meter ramp creating a 63 degree slope. This will be the ramp for all six of your trials. Next we roll each of the balls down the ramp (one at a time) and record all of the trials on your video camera, they will be further analyzed on Loggerpro. After all three balls are accounted for, next you must take data for the same balls sliding down the same ramp, using the material they are made out of. To test this coefficient of friction, you must attach cone shaped note cards to the ball to keep them from rolling, the paper will simply act as a guard. After taking all six videos, uploaded them onto Loggerpro where you will further analyze them. On Loggerpro download the movies you took onto the screen and set to the time at which the ball starts rolling. Make dots at every snapshot for all six of the movies. Once all of the pictures are completed, the graph that is displayed next to them has all of the data that you need to get how much friction each ball produces. First, you must find the time it took for each ball to slide and roll down the ramp. After you find the time use the equationAcceleration= delta d / delta t2 x .5 to solve for the acceleration (answer in m/s2). Once you have the acceleration, use the equation Acceleration= Fnet/mass to solve for the fnet (answer in joules). And Force of Friction Ff = Parallel – Fnet which is the same as Ff=mass x 9.8 x sin (theta) – mass x acceleration to find the force of friction (answer in joules). Once you have all of this data, all you have to do to find the difference in force of friction in rolling and sliding is subtract the frictional force of rolling by the sliding and get your difference in terms of joules.
Data:
Masses: Tennis ball 57 g or .057kg Red marble 56g or .056kg Yellow softball 44g or .044kg
Acceleration: Equation: Acceleration= delta d / delta t2 x .5 Tennis ball sliding=2.63 m/s2 Tennis ball rolling=3.11 m/s2 Red marble sliding=2.9371 m/s2 Red marble rolling=3.30759 m/s2 Yellow foam softball sliding= 2.26129 m/s2 Yellow foam softball rolling = 3.30579 m/s2
Fnet: Acceleration= Fnet/mass Tennis ball sliding =149.91 J Tennis ball rolling =164.478 J Red marble sliding =164.478 J Red marble rolling =185.225 J Yellow foam softball sliding =145.534 J Yellow foam softball rolling =24.142 J
Force of Friction Ff = Parallel – Fnet which is the same as Ff=mass x 9.8 x sin (theta) – mass x acceleration: Tennis ball sliding =347.806 J Tennis ball rolling =320.446 J Red marble sliding =324.506 J Red marble rolling =303.759 J Yellow foam softball sliding =238.668 J Yellow foam softball rolling =360.06 J
Differences in Friction: Ff without – Ff with Tennis ball=27.36 J Red Ball=20.747 J Yellow Foam Softball=121.392 J
Conclusion:
Throughout our experiments, we were able to find the differences in frictional force between rolling and sliding three different kinds of balls on the same inclined ramp. After a series of equations and hard work we were able to conclude that the yellow foam softball by far, had the greatest difference in frictional force from rolling to sliding due to its exterior surface. When we first started the project we predicted that the yellow foam softball would have the greatest difference in friction. After running a series of experiments, our data proved our predictions true! A couple errors we came across were the accuracy of our movies. Instead of a person filming them, we should have used a tri-pod which would have kept the camera completely still and more accurate. Another difficulty we had was on Loggerpro, to get the dots on the exact same spot of the ball every time was a little tricky and very time consuming for six different trials. If we were given more time, a couple things we could do differently would be to use the tripod, accurately dot the Loggerpro movies and find a more detailed way to display the information on the wiki; including all of the movie graphs from Loggerpro to show the dotting happening at the push of a button. Overall, the data we took and analyzed exemplifies our knowledge of concepts we have learned throughout the year and shows that there is physics involved in anything as simple as sliding and rolling different kinds of toy balls.
By: Jordan and Danielle
Materials you will need:
· Assortment of different kinds of balls (we used a tennis ball, foam yellow softball, and a big red marble ball)
· Ramp
· Note cards
· Tape
· Camera
· Loggerpro
· An object to put the ramp on
Goal:
Compare the differences in friction a ball exerts when sliding opposed to rolling
Procedure:
To find out the difference in friction between the rolling and sliding three different kinds of balls start by taking data for rolling and sliding the balls down a ramp. Set the ramp up on a table (we used a .96 meter high and a 2 meter ramp creating a 63 degree slope. This will be the ramp for all six of your trials. Next we roll each of the balls down the ramp (one at a time) and record all of the trials on your video camera, they will be further analyzed on Loggerpro. After all three balls are accounted for, next you must take data for the same balls sliding down the same ramp, using the material they are made out of. To test this coefficient of friction, you must attach cone shaped note cards to the ball to keep them from rolling, the paper will simply act as a guard. After taking all six videos, uploaded them onto Loggerpro where you will further analyze them. On Loggerpro download the movies you took onto the screen and set to the time at which the ball starts rolling. Make dots at every snapshot for all six of the movies. Once all of the pictures are completed, the graph that is displayed next to them has all of the data that you need to get how much friction each ball produces. First, you must find the time it took for each ball to slide and roll down the ramp. After you find the time use the equation Acceleration= delta d / delta t2 x .5 to solve for the acceleration (answer in m/s2). Once you have the acceleration, use the equation Acceleration= Fnet/mass to solve for the fnet (answer in joules). And Force of Friction Ff = Parallel – Fnet which is the same as Ff=mass x 9.8 x sin (theta) – mass x acceleration to find the force of friction (answer in joules). Once you have all of this data, all you have to do to find the difference in force of friction in rolling and sliding is subtract the frictional force of rolling by the sliding and get your difference in terms of joules.
Data:
Masses:
Tennis ball 57 g or .057kg
Red marble 56g or .056kg
Yellow softball 44g or .044kg
Acceleration:
Equation: Acceleration= delta d / delta t2 x .5
Tennis ball sliding=2.63 m/s2
Tennis ball rolling=3.11 m/s2
Red marble sliding=2.9371 m/s2
Red marble rolling=3.30759 m/s2
Yellow foam softball sliding= 2.26129 m/s2
Yellow foam softball rolling = 3.30579 m/s2
Fnet:
Acceleration= Fnet/mass
Tennis ball sliding =149.91 J
Tennis ball rolling =164.478 J
Red marble sliding =164.478 J
Red marble rolling =185.225 J
Yellow foam softball sliding =145.534 J
Yellow foam softball rolling =24.142 J
Force of Friction Ff = Parallel – Fnet which is the same as Ff=mass x 9.8 x sin (theta) – mass x acceleration:
Tennis ball sliding =347.806 J
Tennis ball rolling =320.446 J
Red marble sliding =324.506 J
Red marble rolling =303.759 J
Yellow foam softball sliding =238.668 J
Yellow foam softball rolling =360.06 J
Differences in Friction:
Ff without – Ff with
Tennis ball=27.36 J
Red Ball=20.747 J
Yellow Foam Softball=121.392 J
Conclusion:
Throughout our experiments, we were able to find the differences in frictional force between rolling and sliding three different kinds of balls on the same inclined ramp. After a series of equations and hard work we were able to conclude that the yellow foam softball by far, had the greatest difference in frictional force from rolling to sliding due to its exterior surface. When we first started the project we predicted that the yellow foam softball would have the greatest difference in friction. After running a series of experiments, our data proved our predictions true! A couple errors we came across were the accuracy of our movies. Instead of a person filming them, we should have used a tri-pod which would have kept the camera completely still and more accurate. Another difficulty we had was on Loggerpro, to get the dots on the exact same spot of the ball every time was a little tricky and very time consuming for six different trials. If we were given more time, a couple things we could do differently would be to use the tripod, accurately dot the Loggerpro movies and find a more detailed way to display the information on the wiki; including all of the movie graphs from Loggerpro to show the dotting happening at the push of a button. Overall, the data we took and analyzed exemplifies our knowledge of concepts we have learned throughout the year and shows that there is physics involved in anything as simple as sliding and rolling different kinds of toy balls.